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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(1): 215-221, Feb. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056424

ABSTRACT

The potential inhibitory effect of the insulin mimicking agent, vanadium on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)induced alterations to the aorta ultrastructure associated with the suppression of dyslipedima and biomarkers of inflammation has not been investigated before. Therefore, we tested whether vanadium can protect against aortic injury induced secondary to T2DM possibly via the inhibition of blood lipid and inflammatory biomarkers. T2DM was induced in rats by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (50 mg/ kg), and the treatment group started vanadium treatment five days post diabetic induction and continued until being sacrificed at week 10. Using light and electron microscopy examinations, we observed in the model group substantial damage to the aorta tissue such as damaged endothelium, degenerative cellular changes with vacuolated cytoplasm and thickened internal elastic lamina that were substantially ameliorated by vanadium. Administration of vanadium to diabetic rats also significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood levels of glucose, hyperlipidemia and biomarkers of inflammation (TNF-a, IL-6). We conclude that vanadium protects against T2DM-induced aortic ultrastructural damage in rats, which is associated with the inhibition of blood sugar and lipid and inflammatory biomarkers.


El potencial efecto inhibidor del agente imitador de la insulina, el vanadio en las alteraciones inducidas por la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en la ultraestructura de la aorta, asociada con la supresión de dislipidemia y los biomarcadores de inflamación no se ha investigado anteriormente. El objetivo fue estudiar las propiedades del vanadio para proteger contra la lesión aórtica inducida a la DM2, a través de la inhibición de los lípidos sanguíneos y los biomarcadores inflamatorios. La DM2 fue inducida en ratas con una dieta alta en grasas y estreptozotocina (50 mg / kg), y el grupo de tratamiento fue sometido a un régimen continuo con vanadio, cinco días después de la inducción diabética hasta ser sacrificadas en la semana 10. Se utilizaron exámenes de luz y microscopía electrónica en el grupo modelo y se observó un daño sustancial al tejido de la aorta, como también en el endotelio; los cambios celulares degenerativos con citoplasma vacuolado y lámina elástica interna engrosada mejoró sustancialmente con vanadio. La administración de vanadio a ratas diabéticas también redujo significativamente (p <0,05) los niveles sanguíneos de la glucosa, hiperlipidemia y los biomarcadores de inflamación (TNFa, IL-6). En conclusión, el vanadio protege contra el daño ultraestructural aórtico inducido por T2DM en ratas, que es asociado con la inhibición del azúcar en la sangre y los biomarcadores de lípidos y de inflamatorios.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Aorta/drug effects , Vanadium/administration & dosage , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Aorta/injuries , Aorta/ultrastructure , Aortic Diseases/etiology , Vanadium/pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Disease Models, Animal , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Inflammation/drug therapy
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(2): 647-653, June 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002271

ABSTRACT

Excessive consumption of carbohydrate and fat increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. We sought to determine the potential ultrastructural alterations in large blood vessels induced by a high fat and fructose diet (HFD) in a rat model of prediabetes. Rats were either fed with HFD (model group) or a standard laboratory chow (control group) for 15 weeks before being sacrificed. The harvested thoracic aorta tissues were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and blood samples were assayed for biomarkers of pre-diabetes.TEM images showed that HFD induced profound pathological changes to the aortic wall layers, tunica intima and tunica media ultrastructures in the pre-diabetic rats as shown by apoptotic endothelial cells with pyknotic nuclei, damaged basal lamina, deteriorated smooth muscle cells that have irregular plasma membranes, shrunken nucleus with clumped nuclear chromatin, damaged mitochondria and few cytoplasmic lipid droplets and vacuoles. In addition, HFD significantly (p<0.05) decreased adiponectin and increased biomarkers of lipidemia, glycaemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular injury such as soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (sVCAM-1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and coagulation and thrombosis such as Von Willebrand factor (vWF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), compared to normal levels of these parameters in the control group. Thus, we demonstrated that feeding rats with a HFDisable to develop a pre-diabetic animal model that is useful to study the aortic ultrastructural alterations.


El consumo excesivo de carbohidratos y grasas aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Intentamos determinar las posibles alteraciones ultraestructurales en los grandes vasos sanguíneos, inducidas por una dieta alta en grasas y fructosa (HFD) en un modelo de rata de prediabetes. Las ratas se alimentaron con HFD (grupo modelo) o una comida de laboratorio estándar (grupo de control) durante 15 semanas antes de ser sacrificadas. Los tejidos de la aorta torácica recolectados se examinaron mediante microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) y las muestras de sangre se analizaron para detectar biomarcadores de prediabetes. Las imágenes TEM mostraron que HFD indujo cambios patológicos profundos en las capas de la pared aórtica, túnica íntima y túnica media en la ratas pre-diabéticas como lo muestran las células endoteliales apoptóticas con núcleos picnóticos, lámina basal dañada, células musculares lisas deterioradas que tienen membranas plasmáticas irregulares, núcleo encogido con cromatina nuclear aglomerada, mitocondrias dañadas y pocas gotitas lipídicas citoplásmicas y vacuolas. Además, HFD presentó disminución significativa de adiponectina (p <0,05), y aumento de biomarcadores de lipidemia, glucemia, inflamación, estrés oxidativo, lesión vascular como la molécula de adhesión intercelular soluble 1 (sICAM-1), proteína de adhesión de células vasculares soluble 1 (sVCAM-1), endotelina 1 (ET-1), y la coagulación y la trombosis, como el factor de Von Willebrand (vWF), y el inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno-1 (PAI -1), en comparación con los niveles normales de estos parámetros en el grupo de control. Por tanto, la alimentación de ratas con HFD es capaz de desarrollar un modelo animal prediabético que es útil para estudiar las alteraciones ultraestructurales aórticas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aorta, Thoracic/pathology , Aorta, Thoracic/ultrastructure , Prediabetic State/pathology , Aorta/pathology , Aorta/ultrastructure , Prediabetic State/metabolism , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Disease Models, Animal , Vascular System Injuries/etiology , Vascular System Injuries/pathology , Fructose
3.
Egyptian Journal of Histology [The]. 2014; 37 (3): 579-591
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-160234

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive disease that is associated with long-term complications such as diabetic angiopathy. Glimepiride is a third-generation sulfonyleurea that has an extrapancreatic effect on glucose metabolism besides its hypoglycemic action. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of glimepiride on the aorta of the adult albino rat after induction of diabetes mellitus. Forty adult male albino rats were used. They were divided into two main groups: group I and group II. Group I was the control group and group II was the experimental group. Group II was further divided into group IIA, in which 10 rats received glimepiride orally for 8 successive weeks, group IIB, in which 10 rats were given streptozotocin by means of a single intraperitoneal injection, and group IIC, in which 10 rats were given streptozotocin by means of a single intraperitoneal injection and were then given glimepiride orally for 8 successive weeks. Thus, a total of four groups of rats were studied. Five rats were randomly selected and sacrificed after 4 weeks, and another five rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. The aorta was taken from each group and prepared for histological and electron microscopic examinations. The aortic tissue of the diabetic rats in group IIB showed apparent intimal thickening and accumulation of fatty cells within the subendothelial region with disturbance in the connective tissue distribution in the intima and the media. Electron microscopic study revealed atrophic endothelial cells in the intima. The internal elastic lamina was interrupted and the smooth muscle cells showed intracytoplasmic fat droplets. In group IIC, the aorta showed mild thickening and minimal fatty deposition in the subendothelial region. Electron microscopy revealed that the intima and the internal elastic lamina were nearly intact as in the control group. It could be concluded that glimepiride could alleviate the progression of aortic affection produced in case of experimentally induced diabetes mellitus


Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Sulfonylurea Compounds , Aorta/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Polarization , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Rats
4.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-139249

ABSTRACT

Background. We used recombinant adeno-associated virus vector of adiponectin (AAV2/1-Acrp30) to study the effects of increased levels of adioponectin (by the administration of rAAV2/1-Acrp30) on arteriosclerosis, glucose and lipid metabolism in Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats with arteriosclerosis. Methods. Thirty GK rats with arteriosclerosis were divided into 3 equal groups: control group 1, control group 2 and the rAAV2/1-Acrp30-administered group. Saline, virus vector or rAAV2/1-Acrp30 (1012 ng/ml) vector genomes administered to the rats in the corresponding group by intramuscular injection to the posterior limb by single administration, respectively. After 8 weeks, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum insulin, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were measured in each group, and the ultrastructure of the aorta was seen by light and electron microscopy. Results. Compared with control groups 1 and 2, in the rAAV2/1-Acrp30 group, there was a decrease in urine volume, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, and an increase in body weight and high-density lipoprotein (p<0.05), while the level of serum insulin was not changed (p>0.05). Ultrastructure studies of the aorta showed that aortosclerosis in the rAAV2/1-Acrp30-administered group was less, and fewer lipid droplet vacuoles were seen in the vascular endothelial cytoplasm. Also various cell organelles and internal elastic lamina were seen, and there was no formation of lipid droplet and foam cells in the cytoplasm of the media of the smooth muscle. Conclusion. Adiponectin could improve blood glucose and lipid parameters and decrease atherosclerosis in the aorta of GK rats.


Subject(s)
Adenoviridae/genetics , Adiponectin/genetics , Animals , Aorta/pathology , Aorta/ultrastructure , Aortic Diseases/metabolism , Aortic Diseases/pathology , Aortic Diseases/therapy , Arteriosclerosis/metabolism , Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Arteriosclerosis/therapy , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Genetic Therapy/methods , Lipid Metabolism/genetics , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Recombinant Proteins/genetics
5.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(2): 409-414, June 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-577130

ABSTRACT

The arrangement and interconnections between various components of the aortic wall influence its physicomechanical properties and functional alterations that occur in disease and ageing. The goat is a suitable model for studying cardiovascular disease, but details of the intrinsic organization of its aorta are unknown. This study therefore investigated the histomorphology of aortic tunica media in the goat by transmission electron microscopy. Sixteen healthy juvenile and adult domestic male goats (capra hircus) purchased from livestock farms in the outskirts of Nairobi were used in the study. The animals were euthanized with overdose of sodium pentabarbitone 20mg/kg, and fixed with 3 percent phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde solution by gravimetric perfusion. Specimens obtained from the thoracic aorta (T9) were post fixed in osmium tetroxide, and prepared for durcupan embedding. Ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate/lead citrate were examined by EM 201 Phillips © electron microscope. Elastic and collagen fibres were structurally interconnected. Elastic lamellae, collagen and elastic fibres were linked to smooth muscle cells through areas of high electron density while smooth muscle cells were interconnected various inter cellular connections. The physical interlinkages between the components of the tunica media confer plasticity, adaptability and flexibility to the aortic wall enabling it to function as a mechanically homogenous structure. Disruptions of this structure in atherosclerosis and aging may disturb the vascular integrity and predispose to aneurysm formation.


Las relaciones e interconexiones entre los distintos componentes de la pared aórtica influyen en sus propiedades fisicomecánicas y en las alteraciones funcionales que se producen en la enfermedad y el envejecimiento. La cabra es un modelo adecuado para el estudio de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, pero los detalles de la organización propia de la aorta son desconocidos. Por tanto, se investigó la histomorfología de la túnica media aórtica en la cabra mediante microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Fueron utilizadas 16 cabras (Capra hircus) domésticas macho, jóvenes y adultas sanas, adquiridas en las explotaciones ganaderas en las afueras de Nairobi fueron utilizadas. Los animales fueron sacrificados con una sobredosis de 20 mg/kg de pentobarbital sódico, y se fijaron con una solución de fosfato de glutaraldehído al 3 por ciento por perfusión gravimétrica. Las muestras obtenidas de la aorta torácica (T9) fueron puestas en tetróxido de osmio, y se prepararon para inclusión en durcupan. Secciones ultrafinas teñidas con acetato de uranilo y citrato de plomo fueron examinados por microscopio electrónico EM 201 Phillips©. Fibras elásticas y colágenas estaban interconectadas estructuralmente. Láminas elásticas, de colágeno y fibras elásticas estaban conectadas a células de músculo liso a través de áreas de alta densidad de electrones, mientras que, las células musculares lisas estaban interconectados entre diferentes conexiones celulares. Las interconexiones físicas entre los componentes de la túnica media confieren plasticidad, adaptabilidad y flexibilidad a la pared aórtica, lo que le permite funcionar como una estructura mecánica homogénea. Las interrupciones de estas estructuras en la aterosclerosis y el envejecimiento pueden alterar la integridad vascular y predisponer a la formación de aneurismas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aorta/ultrastructure , Goats/anatomy & histology , Tunica Media/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Extracellular Matrix/ultrastructure
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 21(1): 9-14, Mar. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-359412

ABSTRACT

Cuatro grupos de 10 ratas cada uno, adultas, machos (Wistar) se mantuvieron vivas por 40 días, divididas en: Control, L-NAME, L-NAME + Enalapril, L-NAME + Verapamil. Tres parámetros de la pared de la aorta fueron analizados: el QA(SMN) (número de núcleos de células musculares lisas de la túnica media por área), la SV(lamellae) (densidad de superficie de las lamelas de la aorta), y AWT ( grosor de la pared de la aorta). Estos tres parámetros mostraron la misma tendencia entre los grupos. Las ratas del grupo L-NAME tuvieron elevación de la presión arterial e hipertrofia cardiaca. El aumento de AWT, o la reducción del QA(SMN) y la SV(lamellae) en las ratas L-NAME no fue completamente prevenido por la administración de enalapril o verapamil. La hipertensión causó aumento del AWT por hipertrofia de las unidades lamelares de la túnica media (SV(lamellae) disminuyó) y la rarefacción de los núcleos de músculo liso (QA(SMN)) disminuyó. El número relativo de núcleos de células musculares lisas (SMC) en ratas L-NAME no fue confirmado cuando este número fue corregido por el área de la pared arterial. La hipótesis de intensa proliferación de SMC en animales con deficiencia de ON, no está confirmada con la dosis de L-NAME usada y la duración del tratamiento de esta investigación.


Subject(s)
Rats , Aorta , Aorta/metabolism , Aorta/ultrastructure , Enalapril/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Verapamil/pharmacology , Microscopy, Video , Rats, Wistar
7.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 430-438, 1998.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-81587

ABSTRACT

Using SEM, we have observed surface structures of atherosclerotic lesions of human aortas obtained from autopsies ranging from 59 to 84 years of age (5 males and 4 females). We have found four major interesting features on the lumenal surface of the aortas: 1) blood cells including leukocytes adhering to the endothelial surface, 2) a de-endothelialized surface showing both elastogenesis and elastolysis, 3) abundant cholesterol-ester crystals in extracellular spaces, and 4) cave-like structures possibly suggesting new capillarization in the thrombotic atherosclerotic plaques. We concluded that SEM has a great value in revealing more interesting surface structures if morphological studies are previously done in detail so that the characteristic shapes can be identified, and perhaps then meaningful interpretations can be made on the mechanism of human atherogenesis.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Aorta/ultrastructure , Aortic Diseases/pathology , Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Middle Aged
8.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 20(2): 157-60, jul.-dic. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-212651

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio secuencial de la caracterización ultraestructural, distribución y momento específico de la síntesis de algunas macromoléculas que constituyen la matriz extracelular de la túnica media de la arteria aorta de embriones de hamsters dorado (Mesocricetus auratus) de 9.5, 10.5 y 11.5 días de desarrollo. Se utilizaron marcadores catiónicos como el rojo de rutenio, el cual es capaz de retener y visualizar este material extracelular al microscopio electrónico de transmisión. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los componentes extracelulares de la túnica media aorta muestran diferencias tanto morfológicamente como en la distribución temporal y espacial durante su diferenciación. En este sentido los proteoglicanos fueron identificados como gránulos interconectados con filamentos de glicosaminoglicanos (ácido hialurónico) distribuidos entre las fibras de colágeno y elastina formando grandes agregados macromoleculares en íntima interacción con la superficie celular


Subject(s)
Cricetinae , Animals , Aorta/ultrastructure , Mesocricetus/embryology , Tunica Media/ultrastructure
9.
Rev. chil. anat ; 14(2): 131-7, 1996. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-195198

ABSTRACT

Estudiamos la disposición de las fibras colágenas en el septo de la bifurcación aortoilíaca y en la porción inicial de la arteria sacra mediana a través de técnicas de microscopía óptica. Utilizamos muestras anatómicas de individuos de ambos sexos con edades entre 20 a 33 años. Para la detección de estas fibras colágenas, se utilizaron las tinciones Azan Picrofucsina de van Gieson, Verhoeff y Weigert modificado por van Gieson. Se observó engrosamiento de la túnica íntima en el septo de la bifurcación aortoilíaca con predominio de fibras colágenas. A través de cortes seriados fue posible analizar el comportamiento de estas fibras desde el origen de la arteria sacra mediana, en la pared posterior de la aorta, hasta su completa individualización. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido dar una base anatómica para la mejor comprensión de las alteraciones fisiopatológicas que frecuentemente afectan esta región


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aorta/ultrastructure , Iliac Artery/ultrastructure , Collagen/ultrastructure , Arteries/ultrastructure
10.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 86(1): 19-24, jan.-mar. 1991. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-109258

ABSTRACT

In this study we analyzed the microanatomy of the dorsal vessel of the triatomine Panstrongylus megistus. The organ is a tuble anatomically divided into an anterior aorta anad a posterior heart, connected to the body wall through 8 pairs of alary muscles. The heart is divided in 3 chambers by means of 2 pairs of cardiac valves. a pair of ostia can be observed in the lateral wall of each chamber. A bundle of nerve fibers was found outside the organ, running dorsally along its major axis. A group of longitudinal muscular fibers was found in the ventral portion of the vessel. The vessel was found to be lined both internally and externally by pericardial cells covered by a thin laminar membrane. Inseide the vessel the pericardial cells were disposed in layers and on the outside they formed clusters or rows


Subject(s)
Animals , Aorta/ultrastructure , Heart/anatomy & histology , Panstrongylus/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
11.
Rev. bras. biol ; 48(3): 625-34, ago. 1988. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-59923

ABSTRACT

Em P. megistus o corpus cardiacum e a aorta têm uma estrutura semelhante. Ambos apresentam axônios de neurônios secretores cerebrais. A presença de grânulos de neurossecreçäo e o revestimento por uma bainha conjuntiva reforçam a idéia da funçäo neurohemal da aorta. O corpus allatum mostra células de formas diferentes. Os núcleos säo volumosos e muitos deles têm nucléolos desenvolvidos. Numerosas mitocôndrias granulares e filamentosas säo vistas concentradas em determinadas regiöes das células. Os contornos das células e dos núcleos säo regulares, características de células do corpus allatum ativo


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Aorta/ultrastructure , Corpora Allata/ultrastructure , Neurosecretory Systems/ultrastructure , Panstrongylus/ultrastructure
12.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 1982 Jul; 25(3): 175-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-75411
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